Zvita zvasvika, mabhiriyoni pasi rose anozvinyudza mumamiriro emitambo yeKisimusi—mwenje inopenya, miti yakashongedzwa, nziyo dzemimhanzi dzinofadza, uye kutarisira kupa zvipo. Zvisinei, midzi yenhoroondo yemhemberero iyi ye "mufaro kunyika" yakaoma uye inonakidza kupfuura zvinofungwa nevakawanda. Kushanduka kweKisimusi inyaya huru inosanganisira tsika, chitendero, nenhoroondo, inosanganisa mitambo yechihedheni, dzidziso dzechiKristu, ngano, uye budiriro yemazuva ano yekutengeserana.
1. Chakavanzika cheZuva: Sei Zvita 25?
Mubvunzo mukuru uye unonakidza ndewekuti: sei tichipemberera kuzvarwa kwaJesu musi wa25 Zvita? Testamente Itsva haitauri zuva chairo rekuzvarwa kwaJesu. Vanyori venhoroondo nevadzidzi vezvechitendero vanobvumirana zvikuru kuti Chechi yekutanga yakasarudza zuva iri kuti itore uye ishandure mitambo yakawanda inokosha yechihedheni yaizivikanwa muUmambo hweRoma.
Mutambo waikosha zvikuru wakafanana waive wekuti "Dies Natalis Solis Invicti" (Kuberekwa kweZuva Risingakundike). Mukarenda yaJulian, musi wa25 Zvita unowira nguva pfupi mushure menguva yechando, zvichiratidza kudzoka kwemazuva marefu nesimba rezuva. Mambo Aurelian akatanga mutambo uyu muna 274 AD nekuda kwekunamata mwari wezuva Sol. Nekusarudza zuva rimwe chetero rekupemberera kuzvarwa kwaJesu, wavakadana kuti "Zuva reKururama," Chechi yekutanga yakazadza zuva racho nechiratidzo chakadzama: "Chiedza cheNyika" chechokwadi chakanga chasvika, chichitsiva kunamata kwezuva kwechihedheni.
Panguva imwe chete, mutambo weRoma weSaturnalia, waitanga musi wa17 kusvika 23 Zvita, wakaita kuti Kisimusi ive nemufaro. Munguva iyi, kurongeka kwevanhu kwakachinja kwenguva pfupi: varanda vaigona kudya nevanotenzi vavo, vanhu vaipanana zvipo, vaidya, vaibatidza makenduru, uye vaiita mitambo yemafaro. Zvinhu izvi zvakazobatanidzwa mumhemberero dzeKisimusi.
2. Kubva paKupemberera Kwechitendero Kuenda kuMutambo weMiddle Ages
Mushure mekugadzwa zviri pamutemo neChechi yeRoma muzana remakore rechina, mhemberero dzeKisimusi muEurope yepakati, kunyanya muBritish Isles, dzakatanga kuva huru uye... dzine ruzha zvishoma nezvishoma. Rakanga risiri zororo rechitendero chete asi mwaka wemazuva gumi nemaviri wemhemberero dzemagariro evanhu (kubva musi wa25 Zvita kusvika 6 Ndira, Epiphany).
Imwe yetsika dzayo dzakakurumbira yaive yekusarudzwa kwe "Ishe weMisrule" kana "Abbot weUnreasonableness." Munguva iyi, vanhuwo zvavo vaigona kutamba basa remadzishe, nepo simba chairo raimbomiswa kwenguva pfupi, rakazara nekuseka nekupandukira. Mabiko, kunwa, kutenderera, nemitambo yakasiyana-siyana zvakazadza migwagwa. Rudzi urwu rwemhemberero rwakava rwenyika uye runyararo zvekuti rwakazokonzera kushorwa kwakasimba kubva kuvaPuritan.
3. Kurambidzwa kwePuritan nekuvandudzwa kweVictorian
Muzana remakore rechi17, maPuritan muEngland nematunhu ekuNorth America aiona Krisimasi seisina hwaro hweBhaibheri uye vaiona mhemberero dzayo sedzakashata, dzisina kunaka, uye dzakabva muchihedheni. Munguva yekutonga kwaCromwell, mhemberero dzeKisimusi dzakarambidzwa kwenguva pfupi muEngland. MuMassachusetts Bay Colony, kupemberera Krisimasi kwaitove kusiri pamutemo kubva muna 1659 kusvika 1681.
Mufananidzo weKisimusi wemazuva ano unobva kuBritain yemunguva yeVictorian (zana remakore rechi19). Munguva iyi, vanhu vaviri vakakosha nebasa remabhuku vakatsanangura Kisimusi patsva:
- Muchinda Albert: Akaunza tsika yekushongedza miti yeKisimusi kumhuri yehumambo yeBritain yeGermany, iyo yakava chinhu chinozivikanwa nenyika yese mushure mekuburitswa kwenhau.
- Charles Dickens: Nyaya yake ya1843Carol yeKisimusiBhuku iri rakanyanya kufarirwa nepfungwa huru ye "kubatanazve kwemhuri," "rudo nerupo," "kugovana nerupo," uye "zvipoko zvemazororo." Bhuku iri rakabudirira kuchinja Kisimusi kubva pamutambo wepachena kuita zororo rinodziya, rakatarisana nemhuri rakazadzwa neunyoro nekufungisisa tsika.
- Zvichakadaro, kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekudhinda kubva muIndustrial Revolution kwakaita kuti kadhi reKisimusi rifadze, zvichisimbisa basa rezororo rekupa makomborero nekurangarira.
4. Ngano "Yekugadzira" yaSanta Claus
Santa Claus wemazuva ano—murume anofara, ane hembe dzvuku nechena anoendesa zvipo achishandisa chireyi chakadhonzwa nemhuka dzesango—chinhu chinoshamisa che "kuumbwa kwetsika."
- Muenzaniso wake ndiSaint Nicholas, bhishopi wezana remakore rechina wekuAsia Minor anozivikanwa nekupa zvipo zvakawanda pachivande.
- Vatorwa vekuDutch vakauya nechifananidzo chavo che "Sinterklaas" kuNew Amsterdam (yava kunzi New York), uye zita rake zvishoma nezvishoma rakazoshandurwa kuita "Santa Claus."
- Nhetembo yaClement Clarke Moore wemuzana remakore rechi19"Kushanya kubva kuna St. Nicholas"(inozivikanwawosezvo 'Yaiva Husiku Kisimusi Isati Yasvika) vakawedzera zvinhu zvakaita semhembwe, chireyi, uye kupinda nepachimbuzi.
- Pakupedzisira, muvezi wemifananidzo wekuAmerica Thomas Nast, kuburikidza nemifananidzo yakawanda kubva kuma1860 kusvika kuma1880, akanyatsogadzirisa chitarisiko chaSanta chemazuva ano: mukobvu, ane ndebvu chena, uye anogara kuNorth Pole.
- Nhevedzano yekushambadzira kwakaitwa neCoca-Cola Company muma1930, yakaratidzwa nemuimbi Haddon Sundblom, yakawedzera kuenzana uye kuwedzeredza mufananidzo waSanta mutsvuku nemuchena. Kunyange zvazvo usiri iwo mavambo awo, chirongwa ichi chakabatsira zvikuru mukusimbisa nekuparadzira chitarisiko ichi chave kuzivikanwa.
5. Mhemberero Dzakasiyana-siyana Munyika Yepasi Pose
Nhasi uno, Kisimusi yadarika mavambo ayo echitendero kusvika yava tsika dzepasi rose, ichigadzira tsika dzakasiyana pasi rose:
- MuJapan, Kisimusi yakafanana neZuva raValentine rine rudo, uye kunakidzwa ne "Christmas Barrel" yeKFC kwave tsika yenyika.
- MuSweden, vanhu vanogadzira huswa hukuru hunonzi "Gävle Goat," hunowanzova chinangwa chekupiswa nevanonyepedzera.
- MuVenezuela, paKisimusi, vagari vanowanzo famba-famba vachienda kuchechi kuMisa.
- MuPhilippines, vanozvirumbidza nemwaka weKisimusi wakareba kupfuura mimwe yose pasi rose, unotangira munaGunyana kusvika Ndira.
Mhedziso
Kubva pamhemberero dzechando dzemuRoma yekare, kusvika kumafaro ekupandukira eMiddle Ages, kusvika kune mutakuri wetsika dzemhuri munguva yeVictorian, uye kusvika pakutengeserana nekudziya kwepasi rose kwanhasi, nhoroondo yeKisimusi inyaya yakajeka yekuchinja kwetsika uye kubatana. Inotiyeuchidza kuti tsika hadzina kugadzika asi dzinowana simba risingaperi kuburikidza nekuramba tichitora, kushandura, uye kuvandudza. Patinobatidza mwenje yemuti weKisimusi nhasi, tinobatanidza kwete chete nekudziya kwemhuri asiwo nerwizi rwakajeka rwenyeredzi, rwakapararira kwemakore ane chiuru, rwakaumbwa nekubatana kwetsika dzakawanda uye manzwiro evanhu akafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-25-2025